العلاقة بين العدالة التنظيمية وكل من الالتزام التنظيمي وسلوكيات المواطنة التنظيميةوأثرهافي تحقيق الأداء العالي للمنظمات) دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من موظفي المصارف التجارية الاهلية في كربلاء(
الكلمات المفتاحية:
سلوكيات المواطنة التنظيمية، العدالة التنظيمية، الالتزام التنظيميالملخص
سعى هذا البحث إلى تحديد العلاقة بين العدالة التنظيمية وكل من الالتزام التنظيمي وسلوكيات المواطنة التنظيمية واثرها في تحقيق الأداء العالي للمنظمات بالتطبيق في منظماتنا العراقية ومن أجل تحقيق هذا الغرض اعتمد الباحثان ابعاد العدالة التنظيمية (العدالة التوزيعية والعدالة الإجرائية والعدالة التفاعلية)استناداً الى نظرية المساواة لـ(Adam,1965)، وابعاد الالتزام التنظيمي (الالتزام العاطفي والالتزام المستمر والالتزام المعياري)استناداً الى(Meyer&Allen,1990)، وابعاد سلوكيات المواطنة التنظيمية (الايثار، الكياسة، الضمير الحي، الروح الرياضية، السلوك الحضاري)استناداً الى(Organ,1988)، وايضاً جرى اعتماد ابعاد الأداء العالي(جودة الادارة، الالتزام طويل الامد، الانفتاح والتوجه الفعال، التحسين المستمر، جودة قوى العمل)استناداً الى(DeWaal,etal.,2014). وجرى اختيار مجموعة من موظفي المصارف الاهلية التجارية/ فروع كربلاء المقدسة ميداناً للبحث من خلال استمارة استبانة شملت (60) موظف في المصارف المبحوثة، فضلاً عن المقابلات الشخصية.
وقد استخدم معامل الارتباط (Spearman)، واختبار(t) لمعرفة معنوية العلاقة بين المتغيرات، واختبار(F) لتحديد معنوية معادلة الانحدار، كما جرى استخدام (R2) لتفسير مقدار تأثير المتغير المستقل في المتغير التابع. ومن أهم الاستنتاجات التي جرى التوصل إليها هو إن هناك دور وثيق وفاعل بين العدالة التنظيمية وكل من الالتزام التنظيمي وسلوكيات المواطنة التنظيمية في تحقيق الأداء العالي للمصارف، وقد اختتم البحث بعدد من التوصيات منها الاتي :
1. التركيز نحو ادراك العاملين للعدالة التنظيمية المدركة وتأثيرها المباشر في اظهار الالتزام المطلوب في العمل وترسيخ سلوكيات المواطنة لدى العاملين لمساهمتهما في تحقيق الأداء العالي لمنظماتهم.
2. العمل على تعزيز الالتزام الضروري لتحقيق الأداء العالي من خلال تطبيق العدالة التنظيمية بأنواعها المختلفة.
3. العمل على تعزيز سلوكيات المواطنة اللازمة لتحقيق الأداء العالي من خلال مكافأة تلك السلوكيات بمختلف الطرائق.
4. دعم القيم التنظيمية الإيجابية في بيئة العمل، مثل العدالة والمساواة والمشاركة والولاء على مستوى المصرف بما يسهم ببذل الجهود من اجل تحسين مستويات الأداء للعاملين.
5. التركيز على تعزيز روح التعاون والمساعدة بين العاملين للوصول للسلوك الايثاري الذي يحقق الأداء العالي.
المراجع
A: Journals & Articles
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B. Thesis
Gerdes,S. "Entrepreneurial leadership: trigger or obstacle for employees’ organizational commitment? ", Thesis Conference, Enschede, University of Twente, Faculty of Management and Governance,2014.
Odle, Taylor K., "Implications of Distance and Envy in Organizations: An Exploration of Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors", University of Tennessee Honors thesis Projects, 2014.
Pakwihok, Somnattha, "Achieving Superior corporate Performance and the characteristics of managerial dimensions : the stock exchange of Thailand", Doctoral thesis in philosophy (development administration) school of public administration national institute of development administration, 2010.
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ملحق (1) / نبذة مختصره عن المصارف التجارية الاهلية عينة البحث
مصرف بغداد : هو واحد من أكبر المصارف التجارية الخاصة في العراق بفروعه ال40 . ورؤيته هي دمج التقنية مع خدمة العملاء . لذلك برز كواحد من أكبر المصارف في المنطقة التي تقدم الخدمات المالية بجودة وثقة تامة .وتشمل خدماته خدمات العقارات التجارية وقروض البناء، خدمات الائتمان، والاعتمادات والتمويل التجاري. فضلا عن خدماته لعملائه من الأفراد التي تضم مجموعة متكاملة من حسابات التوفير والقروض السكنية والقروض الشخصية وقروض السيارات ، سواء كانت في الشرق الأوسط أو شمال أفريقيا . وهو عضو في مجموعة شركة مشاريع الكويت القابضة(وهي مجموعة من سبعة بنوك شركاء) ولديه حضور في الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا.
مصرف الاستثمار العراقي : تأسس المصرف الاستثمار العراقي كمؤسسة مصرفية مجازة وفقا ًللأحكام البنك المركزي العراقي ولديه مصرفنا عشرون فرعا في بغداد وباقي محافظات القطر، فضلا عن مكاتب متخصصة أخرى، منها مكاتب الوساطة لبيع وشراء الأسهم المالية، ومكتب لبيع وشراء العملات الأجنبية، وجميعالمكاتب قد تخصصت في تقديم الخدمات المصرفية.
مصرف دار السلام : يعد مصرف دار السلام للاستثمار من إحدى اكبر المصارف الخاصة في العراق بعد مشاركته مع بنك HSBC في تشرين الثاني عام 2005 . ودأب على أن تكون مبادئ الخدمة والنزاهة الملائمة شعاراً لكل عملياته. فمن خلال مقاربته الابتكارية للعمل المصرفي وللخدمات والبرامج المصرفية العالية الجودة، يسعى المصرف إلى التمركز كقوّة عراقية تتميز باسم وهوية هما مرادفان للنزاهة والتقدم والابتكار في الجودة. و يسعى دار السلام إلى ان يكون ارقى شركة خدمات مالية على انتشار فروعه في العراق المتمثلة بسبع فروع في العاصمة بغداد و 7 في باقي المحافظات الأخرى.
المَصرِف الأهلي العِراقِي : تأسس المَصرِف كشركة مُساهمة عامّة ضمن القِطاع الخاص، ليعمل على تقديم حُزمة متكاملة من الخدمات المصرفيّة للمؤسسات التجاريّة والأفراد في العراق. ونظراً لنمو أعمال البنك والنجاح الذي حققه، فيُعدّ كابيتال بنك المَصرف الأردّني الوحيد المتواجد في السُّوق العراقيّة، المساهم الرئيسي في المَصرِف الأهلي العِراقِي ؛ إذ تبلغ نسبة مساهمته فيه 61.85% من إجمالي رأسماله. وبالاعتماد على شبكة مُراسلي كابيتال بنك ، يقدِّم المَصرِف الأهلي العِراقِي خدمات مميزة ليس للأفراد والشركات التجارية العراقيّة فحسب، وإنما يتعداه ليشمل الأفراد والشركات التجاريّة الإقليميّة والعالميّة. ويمتلك المَصرِف الأهلي العِراقِي ما مجموعه ثمانية فروع، تغطي اغلب المحافظات العراقية ومنتشرة في كلاً من بغداد ويتواجد بها ثلاث فروع ، فضلا عن فرع واحد في كل من البصرة وأربيل وكربلاء والموصل والسليمانية.
مصرف الاقتصاد للاستثمار والتمويل : تم تأسيس المصرف في بغداد، وحاليا يعد مصرف الاقتصاد أحد أهم خمسة مصارف خاصة في العراق، ونتيجة للأرباح والانجازات التي حققها البنك فهو الان يسعى الى توسيع إنجازاته واستثماراته الى خارج العراق وهي فرصة وانجاز رائع للقطاع الخاص العراقي، وفتح الطريق وخلق الفرص للاستثمارات والمستثمرين الأجانب للاستثمار في العراق، وذلك لخلق المزيد من فرص العمل والانجازات، وهذا احد أهم أهداف مصرف الاقتصاد. وبتوسعه من خلال فروعنا 22 المنتشرة على أرجاء العراق مصرف الاقتصاد عرض العديد من فرص العمل كما أن الاستمرار في التوسع يؤمن المزيد من الفرص وان كل فرع جديد يفتح بابا" لفرص عمل جديدة تقدم عمل ثابت وأجور جيده وحياة أفضل لتخدم أبناء هذا الشعب.
مصرف الخليج التجاري : أسس المصرف كشركة مساهمة خاصة و باشر نشاطه الفعلي بتاريخ 1/4/2000 وفتح الفرع الرئيسي أبوابه للجمهور بهذا التاريخ بعد حصوله على إجازة ممارسة الصيرفة من البنك المركزي العــراقـي ليمارس المصرف أعمال الصيرفة الشاملة وقد تم تعديل عقد تأسيسه بزيادة رأس ماله عدة مـرات حتى اصبح رأسماله بتاريخ 8/9/2013 (250) مليار دينار ما يعادل (212) مليون دولار أمريكي ويخطط المصرف للوصول إلى (350) مليار دينار في عام 2015. و للمصرف 23 فرع في بغداد , البصرة , النجف , كربلاء , بابل , الديوانية , اربيل , واسط، تكريت .
التنزيلات
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إصدار
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الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2015 كلية الإدارة والإقتصـــاد _ جامعة كربـــلاء
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