Clinically Important Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions: An Overview of Excretion, Factors Affecting Excretion, and Transporter Mechanisms

Abstract

Given the rising incidence of polypharmacy, it is more crucial than ever to take medication interactions into account. A drug-drug interaction (DDI) occurs when one drug alters the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of another, affecting its function. Drugs and other compounds found in foods, supplements, herbs, and tobacco products can also interact. Drug–disease and drug–laboratory test interactions are examples of further drug interactions. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs), which occur 20–40% of the time, are among the most common causes of prescription mistakes in developed countries, particularly for elderly patients. who are receiving multiple medications. Specifically, poly-therapy makes therapeutic management more complicated and raises the possibility of clinically significant DDIs, which can either decrease clinical effectiveness or cause adverse medication responses. Substance-substance Specifically, by complicating therapeutic management. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are the two primary categories into which drug-drug interactions fall. When one medication changes the pace or degree of another's absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion, this is known as a pharmacokinetic drug interaction. With a focus on their clinical implications, This review aims to provide an overview of clinically important pharmacokinetic drug excretion interactions and their implications that are clinically important.