Application of Nano-particulate drug delivery systems to deliver therapeutic agents into cancer cells

Narjes Alfuraiji; Weam  Kadhim; Rana Hameed; Qasim  Chyad Abdulzahra

doi:10.70863/karbalajm.v14i2.886

المؤلفون

Narjes Alfuraiji
Weam Kadhim Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.
Rana Hameed Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq.
Qasim Chyad Abdulzahra Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran, Al-Qasim Secondary School, Babylon, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70863/karbalajm.v14i2.886

الكلمات المفتاحية:

Cancer، Nanoparticles، targeted therapy

الملخص

Cancer is a disorder in which a group of cells grows uncontrollably, disregarding the cell division's physiological rules. Since its discovery (although the word cancer was not used)3000 BC, extraordinary research aims to uncover novel treatment approaches for combating cancer. Currently, over 60% of all ongoing clinical trials worldwide focus on cancer. The selection of treatment depends on the type of cancer, site, and stage of progression. Surgery, radiation-based surgical knives, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are traditional treatment approaches that are mostly used. Side effects associated with conventional therapy highlight the need for novel cancer treatment.

Nanotechnology has been widely investigated and utilized for cancer therapy, as nanoparticles play a key role in medication delivery. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery provides several advantages over traditional drug delivery, including better stability and biocompatibility, increased permeability and retention effect, and precision targeting. It has also been proven to tackle the resistance to anticancer drugs by targeting the underlying mechanism such as overexpression of drug efflux transporters, defective apoptotic pathways, and a hypoxic environment, leading to enhance multidrug resistance reversal. Moreover, nanoparticles' role in immunotherapy is undergoing investigation due to their essential role in cancer treatment. This review highlights the role of nanoparticles for drug delivery in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and the targeting mechanism of nanoparticle-based drug delivery.

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