CMV Human Cytomegalovirus, Clinical aspects and management of infection

CMV

Abstract

Cytomegalovirus is a virus DNA with an 83 percent global seroprevalence. It's cause of teratogenic congenital infection. As a result, it's a significant public-health issue. Congenital CMV (cCMV), the most public non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss, is linked to maternal infection. CMV can also induce cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment. CMV is spread through contact with bodily fluids from a viral carrier. Viruses transmission is higher after primary infection, and it increases with gestational age. When infection develops before 20 weeks, however, severe fetal consequences are more likely. Past infection does not provide the mother immunity or provide protection to the fetus. On ultrasonography, CMV can cause cerebral or extracerebral abnormalities, as well as fetal development limitation and loss. Seroconversion in pregnancy (de novo appearance of virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the serum of previously seronegative pregnant women) or the detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in association with low IgG avidity should be used to diagnose primary maternal CMV in pregnancy. The effective method for preventing viral infection is to provide pregnant women with hygiene advice and education. Vaccines, antiviral medicines, and immunoglobulins have all had their roles expanded throughout time.