Synthesis, Identification, and In-vitro Antidiabetic Evaluation of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted Imidazole Derivatives

Abstract

To offer new imidazole compounds powerful to reduce hyperglycemia by inhibiting the enzymes δ-amylase and α-glucosidase, a new series of trisubstituted imidazole derivatives 4(a-d) were prepared by using the Radziszewski reaction of 4,4'-dimethoxybenzil, different aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate in glacial acetic acid as a catalyst. All newly synthesized compounds were identified by various spectral data and were examined for purity by thin-layer chromatography. Then all prepared compounds were screened for them in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities using acarbose as a standard reference at different concentrations (50-250µg/mL). The findings showed that all the synthesized derivatives have good to excellent inhibitory potential against α-amylase ranging between 51% to 90% compared with the reference drug acarbose ranging from 32% to 63%. Among the series compounds, 4f was the most potent. The α-glucosidase inhibition assay showed the reference drug acarbose exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (66%) followed by compounds 4b, 4d, and 4a (55%), (52%) and (51%) respectively at their highest concentrations (250µg/mL). Therefore, these new imidazole derivatives have the potential to develop a new inhibitory activity.