Pure Sciences International Journal of Kerbala

Computational Study for the Electronic and Molecular Properties of Zn3Se3 Clusters

Aula Mahdi Al Hindawi , Jihan Hameed Abdulameer , sharmeen Sahib — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Low affinity energy thresholds were precisely tailored into the Zn3Se3 cluster's molecular geometry configurations. The structural and electronic characteristics of the Zn3Se3 composite were examined using the 6-113G (d, p) basis set for density functional theory calculations (DFT/B3LYP). Comprehensive vibrational mode frequencies were methodically examined using potential energy distribution as a basis for analysis. The energy band gap (Eg) for the Zn3Se3 structured was computed and plotted HOMO and LUMO, or high occupied and low unoccupied molecular orbitals, are frontier values. The result is the value of Eg (0.0383) eV. The molecular electrostatic potential as well as surface and contour diagram of Zn3S3 were determined, along with electronic properties of the stated structures.

Removal of Pollution with Methyl Orange Dye Waste Water by Using Novel Graft Nano Co-polymer

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The grafted nanocopolymers were synthesized via an esterification process, where the first step was to generate a linear copolymer by reacting terephthalic acid with glycerol. Then, a certain amount of maleic anhydride was added to the resulting linear copolymer solution to obtain the grafted PTGM nanoparticles. The prepared nanopolymers were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy, ¹H-NMR, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The average particle height was 8.3 nm and was exposed to three different temperatures (298, 308, and 318 K). Four different concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 7 ppm) of the nanocopolymers were examined and it was evident that they play a vital role in the adsorption process. The experimental results showed that the average surface area of this nanopolymer for adsorption of dye (methyl orange) decreased with increasing temperature, indicating that the process is endothermic. It was also observed that the highly efficient nanocopolymers were able to successfully remove (methyl orange) from aqueous solutions.

Histochemical study for Effect of Asparagus officinalis L. roots extract on ovarian histology in female rat with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Farah Jawad Al-masoudi , Ashwaq Kathum Obeid , Alaa Hussein Al-Safy — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by several symptoms, such as hirsutism hyperandrogenism, amenorrhea, anovulation, sterility, as well as metabolic and endocrine disorders. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an extract from the roots of Asparagus officinalis L. in treating female rats with induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. In this study, the impact of 400mg/kg of asparagus officinalis L. roots extract on the polycystic ovarian syndrome was examined over a period of 28 days in order to scrutinize the effects of asparagus officinalis L. roots extract on letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome.

Thirty female albino rats were chosen. They were divided into five groups. Group 1 Control, Group 2 asparagus officinal is Extract 400 mg/ kg for 28 days, Group 3 is the PCOS inducer. Rats were given letrozole (1 mg/kg) orally for 28 days in a 0.5% Carboxy-Methylcellulose (CMC) solution. Group 4 is a treatment group in which the animals were dosed with letrozole for 28 days. After that, they were dosed with asparagus root extract for another 28 days, and Group 5 is the preventive group, which received asparagus root extract for 28 days. Then, it was dosed with letrozole for the same period. The Trichrome stain showed results low in stroma and collagen fibers of the structure ovaries in all groups, including control except the PCOS group that indicates a high presence of collagen. In addition to the number of primary, antral, and graphene follicles increased considerably. The treatment and preventative groups showed fewer cystic follicles than the PCOS group. The findings reveal decrease in collagen fibers by asparagus root extract. Therefore, it speeds up oogenesis and early cell divisions.

Investigation the Cytotoxic Effect of Erythromycin and the Potential Protective Role of Vitamin C in Male White Rats

Hatem Karim Jassab, Ali Mohammed Hussein Kazim, Alaa Ramthan Hussein — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to demonstrate the side effects of certain drugs currently used as antibiotics. The research examined the effects of erythromycin at both the cellular and molecular levels, as well as the potential protective role of vitamin C. A total of 25 male white rats Mus musculus were used in the experiment for 14 days. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the College of Science University of Babylon in May 2024 .The animals were divided into five groups, with five rats in each group. The first group was the control group, while the second and third groups received the drug at concentrations of (15, 30) mg/kg, respectively, as treatment groups. The fourth and fifth groups were dosed with the drug at the aforementioned concentrations along with vitamin C at a concentration of (100) mg/kg as protective groups.

The results of the experiment showed structural abnormalities in chromosomes, including deletions in the treated groups (G2, G3), specifically in dicentric chromosomes. Additionally, breaks and ring chromosomes were observed in the treated groups compared to the control group. However, the results of the protective groups (G4, G5) showed a significant reduction in the rates of these abnormalities. The results also indicated a significant decrease in the proportion of non-fragmented DNA, and a significant increase in the mean DNA fragmentation was recorded in groups (G2, G3), while no such observation was made in groups (G4, G5). High DNA fragmentation was found only in group (G3), which received a concentration of (30) mg/kg, but this was not observed in the other experimental groups.

Estimation of Interleukin 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Pfizer Covid Vaccinated Case

Radhia Hussain Fadel, Mohemed Fleeh Dareef, Salah Mehdi — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Pfizer vaccine, which is a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the first mRNA products to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to study the impact of Pfizer vaccine on the levels of interlukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) after 3 months and 6 months of vaccination with Pfizer vaccine.

Materials and methods: The study was done during the period from May /2022 to September / 2022). A case-control study involved 150 subjects who were divided into three groups (each group included 50 subjects). The first group included (50) vaccinated group 3 months after second dose of Pfizer vaccine, and the second group included (50) vaccinated group 6 month after second dose of Pfizer vaccine. The third group was the control group which included (50) healthy unvaccinated subjects. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were estimated by ELISA technique. Results: The results showed that the mean levels of TNF-α among male participants (after 3 months of vaccination, after 6 months of vaccinations, and in the control group) were (65.40, 47.34, and 9.45), respectively, with highly significant differences between the three groups (p<0.01). The results showed that the mean levels of TNF-α among female participants (after 3 months of vaccination, after 6 months of vaccinations, and the control group) were (67.50, 48.74, and 9.06), respectively, with highly significant differences between the three groups (p<0.01). In addition, the results showed that the mean levels of IL-6 among male participants (after 3 months of vaccination, after 6 months of vaccinations, and the control group) were (81.36, 101.88, and 51.26), respectively, with highly significant differences between the three groups (p<0.01). The results showed that the mean levels of IL-6 among female participants (after 3 months of vaccination, after 6 months of vaccinations, and the control group) were (83.05, 98.03, and 52.07), respectively, with highly significant differences between the three groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: Pfizer vaccine was shown to have significant impacts on IL-6 and TNF-α levels among vaccinated individuals.

A Novel Numerical Method for Resolving the Time-Fractional Equation of Advection, Diffusion, and Reaction

Mohammed Hamza Mohammed — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study used Lie transformations to provide both numerical and analytical answers for the partial reaction-diffusion-adhesion equations for both time and space. If the balances allowed via the goal calculations permit the determination of Lie transformations, then we can reduce slight fractional variance calculations to normal variance calculations containing fractions. We suggest a different approach to find the numerical and analytical answers beginning from the numerical and analytical answers in the spatio-temporal fractal adhesion-diffusion-interaction model. Recent findings on the adhesion-diffusion interaction equation were obtained by the authors. Separate adhesion-diffusion reaction equations for partial temporal and spatial variables were presented.

The excellent accuracy of the suggested approach makes it a useful instrument for solving a Wide category of fractional differential equation problems. The numerical results show its effectiveness and applicability.

On Pure Ideals: A Review

Mohammed Khalid Shahoodh, Omare Kareem Ali, Montaser I. Adwan — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Ring theory is one of the branches of an abstract algebra. This field is the study of a mathematical system with two binary operations. In this branch, many articles have studied this algebraic structure and presented some new works. However, the concept of purity has been studied before more than 40 years ago, especially the relation between the pure ideal and some other ideals on the given ring. In this paper, we survey the important results that concern with pure ideals. Some different types of ideals have been discussed such as N-pure ideals, z-ideals, Π-pure ideals and strongly pure ideals. Moreover, some recent results based on the work of several researchers have been summarized. On the other hand, regarding these types of ideals, some questions have been presented. Furthermore, many important results about various types of rings which are based on the notion of pure ideals have been studied.

Chat GPT-4: Methods, Applications, and Ethical Concerns of an Advanced Language Model

Aseel B. Alnajjar, Marwa K. Farhan, Saadaldeen Rashid Ahmed — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) is the arrangement of language models, displaying momentous changes over its forerunners through the integration of state-of-the-art procedures and modern calculations. This comprehensive term paper dives deeply into the complexities of Chat GPT-4, unwinding the basic strategies, novel progressions, and potential applications that make it a trailblazer in the early NLP model development. With a focus on both specialized and moral contemplations, the paper investigates the energetic scene encompassing Chat GPT-4. It fundamentally analyzes its potential moral suggestions, such as predispositions and reasonableness concerns, and emphasizes the requirement for mindful advancement and arrangement of such effective dialect models. The moral talk is expanded to include straightforwardness, responsibility, and societal effect, calling for vigorous rules and systems to guarantee the mindful and comprehensive utilization of Chat GPT-4 in various spaces. The term paper sheds light on the challenges that go with the modernity of Chat GPT-4, tending to issues such as fine-tuning, provoking building, and guaranteeing the model's flexibility to distinctive assignments and spaces. Besides, it traces potential future inquiries about headings, empowering proceeded investigation and progressions in dialect to demonstrate improvement. By emphasizing the significance of moral contemplations, talking about specialized headways, and investigating potential applications and challenges, this term paper serves as a comprehensive direction for analysts, professionals, and policymakers looking to explore the advancing scene of Chat GPT-4 and tackle its transformative potential whereas maintaining moral guidelines and societal values.

Accelerating Image Analysis Using AI-Driven Methods: Enhancing Speed and Accuracy in Autonomous Vehicle System

Rawshan Nuree Othman, Saadaldeen Rashid Ahmed — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The fast improvements in Autonomous Vehicle (AV) systems have shown the necessity for effective image processing approaches to enable efficient decision-making. Current approaches generally fail to offer a balance between processing speed and precision, restricting their usefulness in AV scenarios. The work sets out to tackle these difficulties by applying advanced AI-driven methodologies, EfficientNet and MobileNet, to optimize picture analysis for AV systems. This research filled a breach by enhancing both the speed and accuracy of real-time image processing systems. Also, it contributed to scientific studies in this sector. According to the KITTI Vision Benchmark Suite and Berkeley DeepDrive datasets, the experimental quantitative research designs. Proposed models were trained and tested using these datasets. TensorFlow and Keras frameworks incorporated advanced convolutional neural network topologies with transfer learning algorithms. The models were released loose under varied driving circumstances to see how flexible and resilient they were. The statistical importance of performance parameters like accuracy, inference time, and F1-score was evaluated. The results reveal that EfficientNet can obtain an accuracy of 94.2% and an inference time of 18 ms/image, which is substantially better than the baseline. MobileNet was a plausible option, exhibiting amazing accuracy while being computationally efficient. This improvement was statistically significant, and qualitative assessments indicated that the models were powerful under bad conditions. The research advances real-time imaging analysis in AVs, pointing to the need for architectural adjustments and dataset diversity. As a result of this research, the field of AI-controlled image processing will advance and lead to creative developments in AV systems and their applications.

Review about Prevalence of Leishmania SSP in Humans and Dogs

Jihad Talib Obead, Atheer Kareem Kadhim, Hiba Ali Ghanim — Mon, 31 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan parasitic disease caused by various strains of Leishmania spp. Leishmaniasis is one of the most common zoonotic infectious diseases worldwide. It is considered one of a major public health problem, with three diseases forms, cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. It is known by various names but in Iraq cutaneous form is known as Baghdad boil. This paper includes the review of prevalence of Leishmania species in humans and dogs throughout Iraqi governorates and this dependes on Iraqi researches that have been published in different International and local journals .This study reportes wide variation in the infection rate of parasite due to many reasons such as Propaganda of public health, spread of insects, uncontrolled roaming of stray dogs and the different methods of diagnosis of parasite that lead to variation of prevalence rate in Iraq .