MUHAMMAD MOHSEN, Ali; YOUNES, Arivan; HATEF ABID AL-SADA, Meethaq. The role of structural empowerment in promoting proactive behavior: An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of employees of the Karbala Holy Municipality Directorate. Iraqi Journal for Administrative Sciences, كربلاء، جمهورية العراق, v. 19, n. 75, p. 115–141, 2024. DOI: 10.71207/ijas.v19i75.1846. Disponível em: https://mail.journals.uokerbala.edu.iq/index.php/ijas/article/view/1846. Acesso em: 18 apr. 2026.